فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، بهار 1389)

Information and communication technology as a major axis evolution and development of the third millennium has been proposed. In this field also to changes in the concept of urban space and the emergence of new information technology infrastructure and communications is changing. Attitude toward information technology as a tool for development countries, replaced with information technology as human development is based. It is important to understand the basic role and organization of appropriate, to institutionalize the appropriate guarantee for the presence of active and powerful in the international community and globalization is accelerating. In this study, the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in urban planning changes, is considered to be relying on the physical dimension. Based on the results, the effect of development planning based on information and communication infrastructure in facilitating the process of globalization is expressed. Also review the criteria and indicators to assess comparative approach to new urban planning based on the information and communication infrastructure are discussed. This study shows the role of development information and communication technology (ICT) to increase the possibility of communicating with the remote while changing activity patterns, spatial patterns and spatial changes in local urban provided Based on information and communication infrastructure and opportunities resulting from it are provided. As a result, we can say, using this approach, the impact on spatial patterns and functional cities to carry and possible response urban needs in the process of globalization can facilitate.

One of the very important critic that there is in Middle East now is tribe critic in multi-tribes countries and special kind of tribes. This kind of special tribe that sometimes in the ethnic nationalism forms or nationalism reproduces under effect of globalization and follow of bringing up of much about themselves for arriving to punished desires in modernity's period. Deep ethnic differences and even religious is another demilitarizes threats that even treat the territorial integrity and regimes legitimacy. In the globalization of today with relying on improvement and national power can be an actor of stage of globalization. Iran naturally has ethnic pluralism and its one of the most non –homogeneous countries of Middle East. The matter of plolitlization of tribes especially Kurds returns back to the onset of forming of new systems of nation-state in Middle East. During a recent century politic and nationalism of Kurd movement is appeared repeatedly in Iran, central government punished it with applying different methods that it included very expensive expenses for central government and Iranian Kurds.so the main idea of this essay tries to answer this basic question: what are the factors and roots of emerging ethnic crisis in Kurdistan of Iran? Research It is a library study based on deseriptive – analyzing view.studying the factors of ethnictic tendemcy we can try to discover and analyze the roots and factory? Of emerging ethnic crisis in Kurdistan if Iran.

Energy as a Geopolitics variable has a special situation in power playings World System, and accessing to energy sources has become important and strategic for the roles among international powers. Therefore any players of World system sought a plausible definition of position of energy security in the world meanwhile, Iran for its place in the central energy strategic Ellipse of the world and having the second source of petrol and gas in the world, has an important situation in the discussions on World security energy. Iran for using this energy ability needs for strategic copartners and for reach to this target, Asian countries as China & India – regarding to increasing request for energy and their effective situation in World system- have important roles. This research will discuss relation between Geopolitics of energy in Iran & the energy security of those countries.

The present article is intended to study the role of information and communication technology (ICT) on rural sustainable development according to documentary method. Today, information and communication technology (ICT) considers as a one of sustainable development indexes; also it can be useful for needs of human being and get the society ready for sustainable development. Human needs are very important for sustainable development and it can leads to some great functions such as the increasing of education, awareness and participation, improvement of health and cure, poverty reduction and increasing of economic opportunity, environment healthy.

Guilan plain villages district gathering is targeting to change the habitance style of these region villages from dispersed to semi dispersed and to means of reducing numerous problems of these villages and providing suitable headstock for new settling patterns in the form of rural settlements’ frame development programming. Therefore, the present research, in the aim is functional and is based on descriptive-analytical method. The required information of this search is obtained through documentary methods and field studies that were in the form of completing rural families’ questionnaire from three districts: Eastern plain, central and west of Gilan. Results of this research show that although Guilan plain villages district gathering is possible due to reducing problems and difficulties of these regions’ villages and optimal utilization of these spaces and subsequently obtain to stable rural development, but regarding to awareness level and trend of these regions’ rural and existent cultural obstacles in their ways, this plan is not possible in short-term and middle-term.

With emphasis on security models and considering utilization mode of various city places in Tehran, this survey studies the citizen's status in these places in regard of their security priorities. Existential security, welfare security, and signifying security have been estimated as three pivotal bases of citizen's security and their differences in various city zones of Tehran have been compared. This work is a survey research in which 848 interviews have accomplished with some habitants in various regions of Tehran. For analyzing data, the F test has been used. Findings show that the amount of citizen's security is a function of security priorities in various zones of Tehran. So that, business zones, wholesale sector, and heavy and light industries need more existential security that can be performed with using positivist models; while residential areas, no matter rich areas or suburbs, rather need welfare security that can be performed with support of constructivist models, and culture and art centres, parks and playgrounds, and universities and educational establishments look for more signifying security that its executive tools can be found in post positivist models.

End of Soviet domination bipolar world system and the beginnings of world powers trying to design and implementation of the new system was another political world This power struggle, one hand the United States trying to implement a new system intended unipolarity in the world and the other hand, other powers such as France, Germany, China, Russia and etc. Military wanted to create a multipolar world. New world system looking for the U.S. military unipolarity is a pyramidal shape and the head of the United States in the pyramid position ultimate judge and the rest of the world's geopolitical power in the next category are located United States toward the realization of the project plan for a vast presence in the world, especially regions yard territory of its competitors is provided. The area between the Caspian geopolitical reasons and Zhyvastranzhk Zhyvakvnvmyk a special place in the new world system desired by the United States has.

The international role of Iran after Islamic revolution (1979) in the Middle East was investigated in this study. So the Iran’s different methods for spreading its influence sphere were explained. The results showed that the most accomplished activities by Iran are cultural - religious (dispatching of missionaries to other countries), hygienic- remedial, constructive, media and athletic. These actions cause Iran can play its international role. Iran’s interest and power in trans borders were showed base on these actions. Geographic conditions and Islamic revolution’s extra boundary goals were helped this issue. This research has used descriptive-analytic method. The gathered data and information from documents were analyzed by this methodology. The geography of Iran and Shiite make significant opportunities for Iran particular in culture-religion, hygiene - remedy, construct, medium and sport based on this study result.

Spatial distribution of tribes indicates that migration life in Iran has great varieties and considering geographical conditions of each of these homogeneous units, tribe poles have presented similar plans, otherwise they can not reach favorable result. Today in the country we face three main tribe groups: 1) a group who has been settled 2) a group who is waiting for opportunity for settlement. 3) a group who continues migration. The formation of each of these patterns in a geographical region of the country is affected by some factors as topography, vegetation climate, as well as economic, social, cultural and political factors. In this research, the characteristics of Ghashghaei tribe in view of its population and economics have been evaluated by separating production, income and costs. The results of these studies show weak financial structure of migrant group in tribes and statistically it is in significant level in comparison with other groups. The most important point in this area is that tribe production method will lose its coordination based on time circumstances and this method should be developed. For this purpose more accurate expertise studies should be done in tribe areas and we can not exercise a single life style for all tribe regions of Iran. Therefore, besides identifying structural specifications, a multilateral knowledge of tribes’ mentality, motivations and intensions in regard to the category of change and development in the method of production and substation of closed and centralized animal husbandry deserves special attention. The present research shows that the studied tribes have positive inclination for change and development in the method of tribe production in general while emphasizing the lack of some tribe dependencies.

Slumminess and its effects have caused new problems for the urban managers after World War II more than ever. The important point about Slumminess is that although this issue is the result of social and especially economical problems, it is the reason of other troubles such as social crimes. By the expansion of cities and changing to metropolises, the need of controlling Slumminess and preventing cities from expanding more is felt more than ever. The current study tries to investigate the concept of Slumminess and then explores the formation, history and damaging impact of this issue. At the end, the ways of controlling this problem in metropolises are studied.